Navigating operating procedures in everyday work in a petrochemical facility: A comparative analysis of WAI and WAD

This study proposes a novel coding framework to quantify and categorize the differences between Work-As-Imagined (WAI) Work-As-Done (WAD) based on Safety-II perspective. While Safety-I approach focuses controlling deviations from Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) as solution prevent incidents, this aims describe code workers’ adaptive behavior while executing their tasks. The proposed checks three attributes for each step; “Skip,” “Order,” “Action” help decide if WAI aligns with WAD. was tested by applying it an actual work environment in petrochemical facility. Initial findings successfully demonstrated ability of